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Danish Breweries
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styles - history - beers
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| Introduction | ||
| I used to describe Danish brewing as " little
pond, inhabited by one great white shark and the odd sardine". A microbrewery
explosion in the new millennium has rendered my description obselete. Denmark
has one of the most dynamic and exciting beer cultures in Europe. A decade ago, the situation was pretty grim. Denmark's big two (Carlsberg and Royal Unibrew) had their hands tightly around drinkers' throats. The few remaining independent breweries were being slowly whittled away. It seemed the Bryggeriforeningen would soon be able to hold meetings in a phone box. The founding of Danske Ølentusiaster in 1998 proved to be a turning point. That they have been able to recruit 11,000 members in less than a decade says everything about their enthusiasm and commitment. They have brought microbrewed beer into the Danish mainstream. At first the emphasis was much on imported beer from Europe's brewing heartlands: Belgium, Britain, the Czech Republic, Germany. But as interest in quality beer grew, a few brave pioneers began brewing professionally. Their success encouraged others. The number of breweries more than trebled in just 10 years. New breweries continue to pop up with remarkable frequency. I'm updating this page almost weekly. But more important than their mere existence, is the willingness of these newcomers to experiment. A staggering range of styles is brewed: British, Belgian, German, Czech, American. Not necessarily all in one brewery, though there are some who do appear to be going for a full set. It's hard to believe that there was once little else than bland, pale lager. Even arch pils-purveyors Carlsberg have built their own microbrewery and turn out an Abbbey Dubbel, American-style IPA, Imperial Barley Wine and a Brown Ale, amongst others. You don't see many globalists with a portfolio like that (well not under their own name - these really are branded Carlsberg). Dozens of styles and hundreds of craft beers are brewed in Denmark. Danes should be proud of this incredible transformation of their national drink. It's a story that gives me a real sense of optimism about what can be achieved elsewhere. |
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| The Danish brewing industry | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The rapid expansion of the microbrewing sector has given
Denmark a very respectable number of breweries, when compared to its population.
A very high proportion - around a third - of beer brewed in Denmark is exported. It's mostly Carlsberg, of course. Relatively tiny amounts - somewhere around 2% of consumption - are imported. Carlsberg (through their takeover of Pripps of Sweden and Ringnes of Norway) has near total control of the Nordic beer market. You can't imagine that they would misuse such power, can you? The current number of active breweries is 92 (plus 11 contract brewers). (quite impressive - remember there are only 5 million Danes. It's the equivalent of 1100 breweries in the UK). They break down as follows:
These figures do not include The Faroes, which has one independent brewery of their own. Nor Greenland, which also has 3 breweries. Of the breweries active in 2006, 66 were founded after 1990, 62 after 2000. Here's some more detail:
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| Brewers' Organisations As in many countries, the decline of the traditional brewing branch and the rise of microbreweies has provoked unrest in the trade organisation. Many of the newcomers resent the way the established trade body, Bryggeriforeningen, appears to be run for and by Carlsberg and Royal Unibrew Their response has been to establish an organisation that will better represent their interests. Danske Bryghuse was officially founded 21st October 2003. A sore point is the reduction in tax granted to breweries over 100 years old. It was introduced in the 1950's to protect small, established breweries. Its effect today is to financially disadvantage newcomers (i.e. microbreweries) entering the market. |
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| This is the big boys' club: Bryggeriforeningen Frederiksberggade 11 1459 København K Telefon 33 12 62 41 . Fax 33 14 25 13 . info@bryggeriforeningen.dk http://www.bryggeriforeningen.dk/ |
This is the organisation for everyone else: Danske Bryghuse Agro Business Park, Niels Pedersens Allé 2, 8830 Tjele. Tlf.: 89 99 25 00 Fax: 89 99 25 99 Email: lvs@agropark.dk http://www.danskebryghuse.dk/ |
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| Beer Drinkers' Organisation The Danish beer consumers organisation (an EBCU member) is: Danske Ølentusiaster ("Danish beer enthusiasts") Vestervang 35, 3460 Birkerød. Denmark. Tel: +45 45 82 34 00 Email: contact@ale.dk Homepage: http://oel.wildside.dk/ Although only founded in September 1998 (elected to associate EBCU membership 14th November 1998, full membership 27th March 1999), it has been very successful in attracting Danish drinkers to its ranks. With around 11,000 memebers, it's the second largest organisation in the EBCU, after CAMRA. |
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| Danish Beer styles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International pils - Denmark's
gift to the world Unsurprisngly, given Carlsberg's key role in the development of the modern "international" style of pale lager usually called "pils", bottom-fermentation prevails in Denmark's larger breweries. What would the world have been like if Jacobsen hadn't smuggled that yeast sample back from Bavaria? I can't imagine that things could have turned out worse. The majority of beer drunk in Denmark is pale lager of 4.7%. That's followed by pale lager of 5.6% very vaguely in an Export style, but sweeter. |
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| A new crop New breweries have mostly stuck to top-fermenting beers, in either British, Belgian or American styles (or occasionally a combination of the three). Though there are some bottom-fermenting beers around. Da Capo brew a very good Vienna-style amber lager. Carlsberg shocked everyone by brewing an abbey-style dubbel as a seasonal special a few years back. The really shocking part, was that they were able to make a good fist of it. So what the hell are they pissing about at with the rest of their beers? They can brew good beer if they try - so obviously the rest of the time they aren't. I can remember the guide who showed me around the brewery proudly announcing that they had cut the time taken to produce Carlsberg from 3 months to 3 weeks. So, just miss out that unneccassary and time-consuming lagering phase. Whilst planning to close their Copenhagen brewery, Carlsberg have opened a microbrewery on the site. It's turning out a range of special beers such as IPA, Barley Wine and Brown Ale, some under the Carlsberg name, some branded Jacobsen. It will be interesting to see how great their commitment to brewing quality beer will be. |
Tax and Strength You will notice that the strengths of beers are remarkably consistent across breweries. The cause was, naturally, the Danish system for taxing beer. Up until 2004 Klasse 1 was up to 11º Plato (approx. 4.6%) alcohol , Klasse 2 11º-14º Plato (up to 5.8%) with Klasse 3, 4 and 5 going up to 10% and more. Beer with less than 2.7% alcohol was tax free. Klasse 1 beers accounted for about 85% of Danish beer sales. The system of tax bands based on original gravity in degrees Plato (detailed above) was replaced in 2005. Tax is now charged at a rate of DKK 50.90 per litre 100% alcohol. Beers will probably vary more in strength as there is no longer an advantage in clinging to the ceiling of each band. Beer below 2.8% alcohol is tax free. For more details, see the Danish beer statistics section. |
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| This isn't a complete list of the styles brewed. If I did that, I would just be producing a glossary of world beer types. These are the commonest or ones with a special Danish twist. Most major German styles are brewed, even if not listed. You'll have to look here or here if you want see them. Bottom-fermented styles (from established breweries):
Top-fermented styles: Recent new Danish brewers have been much influenced by American microbrewing. In particular the use of large quantities of American hop varieties, such as Cascade. Not to everyone's taste, I know. There are many American-style IPA's, IIPA's and Pale Ales. Some breweries aim more at reproducing UK interpretations of the ale family. WIntercoat brew an excellent ESB, bursting with biscuity English malt. They also have a mild and an oatneal stout in their portfolio. I can't help but like any brewery that makes a mild. Belgian styles aren't as popular, with Witbier popping up the most. A couple, including Carlsberg, make an Abbey Dubbel. Some make wheat beers in the German style - Brøckhouse, Braunstein and BrewPub. Porters and Stouts are very popular amongst microbrewers, as are Brown Ales and Pale Ales. A few Barley Wines are made, for example by Mikkeller and Skagen.
This is a snapshot of the types of beer brewed in Denmark (and the number of examples of them) as of November 2006:
It speaks volumes of the revolution that has occured in Danish brewing that that IPA, Pale Ale, Brown Ale and Stout are amongst the ten most popular styles. |
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Danish Beer Statistics
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| Beer sales by tax class (hl) | ||||||||||
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||
| volume | % | volume | % | volume | % | |||||
| klasse 1 | 4,895,000 | 4,752,000 | 4,652,000 | 4,510,000 | 4,434,000 | 85.2 | 4,347,000 | 83.9 | 4,110,000 | 84.5 |
| klasse 2 | 460,000 | 468,000 | 470,000 | 461,000 | 468,000 | 9.0 | 521,000 | 10.1 | 467,000 | 9.6 |
| klasse 3,4,5 | 211,000 | 200,000 | 192,000 | 186,000 | 181,000 | 3.5 | 197,000 | 3.8 | 176,000 | 3.06 |
| taxable beer | 5,566,000 | 5,420,000 | 5,320,000 | 5,157,000 | 5,083,000 | 97.7 | 5,067,000 | 97.8 | 4,753,000 | 97.7 |
| tax-free beer | 141,000 | 142,000 | 132,000 | 125,000 | 119,000 | 2.3 | 116,000 | 2.2 | 109,000 | 2.3 |
| all beer | 5,707,000 | 5,562,000 | 5,452,000 | 5,282,000 | 5,202,000 | 100 | 5,181,000 | 100 | 4,862,000 | 100 |
| Source: Bryggeriforeningen |
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| Beer classes and tax rates (2003 and 2004) | ||||
| plato | alc. vol | tax (DKK/hl) | tax (DKK/33cl bottle) | |
| klasse 1 | <11º | <4.6% | 268.5 | 0.89 |
| klasse 2 | 11 - 14º | <5.8% | 345.75 | 1.14 |
| klasse 3 | 14 - 18º | 7-8% | 460.75 | 1.52 |
| klasse 4 | 18 - 22º | 7.8-9.3% | 510.25 | 1.68 |
| klasse 5 | >22º | >8.5% | 27 DKK* | 1.96 (minimum) |
| Notes: * per degree Plato per litre beer below 2.8% alcohol is tax free Source: Bryggeriforeningen |
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| Beer classes and tax rates (2005) | ||
| alc. vol | tax (DKK/l) | tax (DKK/33cl bottle) |
| <2.8% | 0 | 0 |
| 2.8% | 1.43 | 0.47 |
| 4.6% | 2.34 | 0.77 |
| 5.8% | 2.95 | 0.97 |
| 7.3% | 3.72 | 1.23 |
| 7.9% | 4.02 | 1.33 |
| >10.6% | 5.40 | 1.78 |
| Notes: The system of tax bands based on original gravity in degrees Plato was replaced in 2005. Tax is now charged at a rate of DKK 50.90 per litre 100% alcohol. Thus the tax on 1 litre of 4.6% beer is: 0.046 x 50.90 = 2.34 DKK. Beers will probably vary more in strength as there is no longer an advantage in clinging to the ceiling of each band. Beer below 2.8% alcohol is tax free Source: Bryggeriforeningen |
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| Beer Consumption, Imports and Exports (hl): | ||||||||||||||
| 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | |
| imports | 20,000 | - | 120,000 | - | 93,700 | 79,400 | 111,330 | 83,220 | 90,280 | 135,810 | 158,480 | 403,980 | ||
| exports | 2,526,000 | 2,674,000 | 3,074,000 | 2,835,000 | 2,800,000 | 2,312,000 | 2,303,000 | 2,837,000 | 2,466,000 | 2,719,000 | 3,532,000 | 4,209,000 | ||
| consumption | 5,707,000 | 5,562,000 | 5,452,000 | 5,282,000 | 5,202,000 | 5,181,000 | 4,862,000 | |||||||
| production | 7,939,600 | 7,751,300 | 8,205,800 | 7,658,000 | 7,786,000 | 8,555,000 | 8,667,000 | |||||||
| no. breweries | 15@ | 25" | 34" | 51" | 55" | |||||||||
| Sources: Bryggeriforeningen @ Die Deutsche Brauwirtschaft in Zahlen, 1994 " my calculation |
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| What do my scores mean? | |
| < 25 | positively unpleasant |
| 25 - 40 | has its faults |
| 40-50 | OK |
| 50-60 | reasonably good |
| 60-70 | above average - definitely worth trying |
| 70-80 | excellent - worth hunting for |
| 80 > | world class - you must try it |
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Listings - Denmark
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| Aarhus
Bryghus Gunnar Clausensvej 26, 8260 Viby J. Tel. +45 2040 3373 nfb@aarhusbryghus.dk http://www.aarhusbryghus.dk/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. The brewer, Niels Buchwald, used to work at Thor and Ceres. |
| Albani
Bryggerierne A/S Postbox 170, 5100 Odense. Tel: 66 13 23 01 Fax 65 91 32 00 Email: produktion@bryggerigruppen.dk Homepage: http://www.albani.dk Founded: 1859 Annual production:
Part of Royal Unibrew A/S, Denmark's second largest brewing group. |
| Mikrobryggeriet
Andrik Højvangsvej 5, 4340 Tølløse. Tel: 59 18 59 11 http://www.andrikoel.dk/ Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Microbrewery. A different seasonal beer is brewed every month. All their beers are unfiltered and unpasteurised. |
Homebrew pub in the centre of Copenhagen, right next door to the Tivoli. In addition to the one year-round beer there are various special brews. The same company runs brewpubs in Herning , Odense and Århus. |
| Bryghuset
Braunstein Carlsensvej 5, 4600 Køge. Tel: 7020 4468 Fax: 5663 4468 Email: http://www.braunstein.dk Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. Unusual for a new Danish brewery in that it specialises in German-style beers. |
| Baggårds
Bryggeriet Danmarksgade 4, Gården, 7500 Holstebro. http://www.baggaardsbryggeriet.dk/ Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Microbrewery. The brewery has a sampling room. Opening times: Mon - Fri 11:00 - 15:00 |
| Bredlunds
Bryghus Bornholmsvej 4, 4200 Slagelse Tel: 58 52 38 09 Fax: 58 52 38 19 Email: info@bredlundsbryghus.dk http://www.bredlundsbryghus.dk Founded: 2006 Annual production: 1,000 hl (capacity)
Microbrewery. Beer on sale from July 2006. |
| BrewPub
København Vestergade 29, 1456 København K. Tel.: 33 32 00 60 http://www.brewpub.dk/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Brewpub. Opening times: Sun - Wed 12:00 - 24:00, Thur - Sat 12:00 - 02:00. |
| Restaurant
Bryggen Sydhavnsvej 9, 7700 Thisted. Tel: 9792 3090 Fax: Email: info@bryggen.eu http://www.bryggen.eu/kontakt.asp Founded: 2006 Annual production:
Brewpub. Opening times: Sun-Thur 17:00 - , Fri-Sat 11:30 - |
| Bryggeriet Brygmand Gyndbjerg 23, 6091 Søndre Bjert. Tel: 75 57 25 42 reffstrup@stofanet.dk Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
| Brøckhouse Høgevej 6, 3400 Hillerød. Tel: 48 24 24 60 Fax: 48 24 24 80 Email: kontakt@broeckhouse.dk Homepage: http://www.broeckhouse.dk Founded: 2000 Annual production:
A Microbrewery producing beers in an interesting mixture of styles. Top of my wanted list for Danish beers. |
| Bøgedal
Bryghus Høllundvej 9, 7100 Vejle. Tel: 2029 6268 e-mail: vorting@boegedal.com http://www.boegedal.com/ Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
| Carlsberg
Bryggerierne A/S Ny Carlsbergvej 100, 1799 København V (Copenhagen). Tel: 33 27 33 27 Fax 33 27 47 11 Founded: 1847 Annual production: Fredericia Bryggeri A/S Vestre Ringvej, 7000 Fredericia. Tel: 79 23 11 23 Fax: 79 23 62 77 Homepage: http://www.carlsberg.dk Founded: Annual production: 2,500,000 hl (capacity 2004)
Denmark's very own multinational. The standard beers are exactly what you would expect from a large, international brewery: crap. The brewery in Copenhagen is scheduled to close. Carlsberg will then join that illustrious group of brewing companies who put sentiment to one side and shut their original plant: Heineken, Whitbread, Greenhall Whitley. The Fredericia brewery is having its capacity increased to 4,300,000 hl to cope. The changes are scheduled to be complete by the end of 2008. The company headquarters will remain at the site, as will the Jacobsen microbrewery. |
| Ceres
Bryggerierne A/S Cerea Allé 1, 8100 Århus C. Tel: 86 76 65 00 Fax: 86 13 65 06 Email: contact@ceres.dk Homepage: http://www.ceres.dk" Founded: 1856 Annual production:
Part of Royal Unibrew A/S, Denmark's second largest brewing group. |
| Dagmarbryggeriet Nørregade 20, 4100 Ringsted. Tel: 4117 5566 Fax: Email: info@dagmarbryggeriet.dk http://www.dagmarbryggeriet.dk/ Founded: 2006 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
| Djurs
Bryghus Energivej 14, Grenaa 8500. Tel: 8633 1965 Fax: Email: info@djursbryghus.dk http://www.djursbryghus.dk Founded: 2007? Annual production: Microbrewery. Still in the process of being built. |
| Duelund
Bryglade Duelundvej 11, 8620 Kjellerup. Tel: 8688 1927 Fax: Email: someone@duelundbryglade.com http://www.duelundbryglade.com/ Founded: 2006 Annual production:
Microbrewery. Currently they have one product which changes with every batch. Their beer is currently being contract brewed while they finish constructing their brewery. |
| Fanø
Bryghus A/S Strandvejen 5, Nordby, Fanø. http://www.fanoebryghus.dk/ Founded: should open in 2006 Annual production: Microbrewery. |
| Faxe
Bryggeri A/S Torvegade 35, 4640 Faxe. Tel: 56 77 15 00 Fax: 56 71 47 64 E-mail: contact@faxe.dk Homepage: http://www.faxe.dk Founded: 1901 Annual production:
Part of Royal Unibrew A/S, Denmark's second largest brewing group. Best-known for its giant 1 litre cans, sold in German petrol stations. |
| Fjordens
Bryghus Vardevej 95, Lyne, 6880 Tarm. Tel: 6029 5459 Fax: Email: http://www.fjordensbryghus.dk Founded: 2006 Annual production:
Microbrewery. Opening times: Sat 10:00 - 14:00 |
| Bryggeriet Flakhaven Flakhaven 2, 5000 Odense C. Tel.: 66 12 02 99 Email: flakhaven@bryggeriet.dk http://www.bryggeriet.dk/flakhaven Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Brewpub. Owned by the same company as the Apollo brewpub. Every month a different sesonal beer is brewed. Opening times: Mon - Sat 11:30 - 22:00, Sunday 11:30 - 17:00 |
| Fuglebjergaard Hemmingstrupvej 8, 3200 Helsinge. Tel: 48 39 39 43 Fax: 48 39 39 44 Email: kontor@fuglebjerggaard.dk http://www.fuglebjerggaard.dk/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery on an organic farm. Their shop sells a range of organic beer from around Europ. |
| Fuglsang
Bryggeriet A/S Bryggerivej 2, 6100 Haderslev. Tel: 73 52 61 00 Fax: 73 52 61 11 Email: contact@fuglsang.dk Homepage: http://www.fuglsang.dk Founded: 1865 Annual production:
Independent brewery. |
| Fur
Bryghus ApS Knudevej 3, 7884 Fur. Tel: +45 97 59 30 60 Fax. +45 97 59 30 48 Email: info@furbryghus.dk http://www.furbryghus.dk/ Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Brewpub. It started brewing 1st October 2004. They plan a similar range of beers under the "Volcano" brand which will be pasteurised. |
| Færgekroen Vesterbrogade 3, 1630 København V (Copenhagen). Tel: 33 12 94 12 Fax: 33 93 59 77 Email: faergekroen@babel.dk http://www.faergekroen.dk/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Brewpub in Tivoli. Opening times: Mon - Sun 12:00-19:00 |
| GourmetBryggeriet Bytoften 10, 4000 Roskilde. Tel: 46 32 60 45 Email: kp@gourmetbryggeriet.dk http://www.gourmetbryggeriet.dk/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
| Grauballe
Bryghus - Gaardbryggeriet Gjermosevej 11, 8600 Silkeborg. Tel: 8687 7684 Fax: 8687 7683 Email: ale@grauballe-bryghus.dk Homepage: http://www.grauballe-bryghus.dk Founded: 2000 Annual production:
Microbrewery. They brew interesting top-fermented beers. How many breweries in Continetal Europe make a Scottsih heavy? Come to think of it, how many Scottish breweries still make one? |
| Hancock
Bryggerierne A/S Humlevej 32, 7800 Skive Tel: 97 52 25 77 Fax: 97 52 98 30 Homepage: http://www.hancock.dk Founded: 1876 Annual production:
Independent brewery. |
| Harboes
Bryggeri A/S Spegerborgvej 34, 4230 Skælskør. Tel: 58 19 40 40 Email: post@harboes-bryggeri.dk Homepage: http://www.harboes-bryggeri.dk Founded: 1883 Annual production:
Independent brewery. The Danish "label beer" king. They have a habit of rebadging existing beers with new names and labels whenever they feel like it. The company also owns Darguner Brauerei GmbH (Germany), AS Viru Ôlu (Estonia), Harboe Norge AS (Norway) and a farm. They also produce soft drinks. Up until the company was listed on the stock exchange in 1989, it was owned by members of the Harboe family. |
| Heimdal-Bryg ApS Nybølle Gadekærsvej 2, Nybølle, 2765 Smørum Tel: 44 66 21 96 Email: kontakt@heimdal-bryg.dk http://www.heimdal-bryg.dk/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
| Bryggeriet
Herning Torvet 3, 7400 Herning. Tel: 96 26 02 70 Homepage: http://www.a-h-b.dk Founded: 1999 Annual production:
Brewpub. Owned bt the same company as the Apollo brewpub. |
| Herslev
Bryghus Kattingevej 8, Herslev, 4000 Roskilde. Tel.: 46 40 18 07 Email: post@herslevbryghus.dk http://www.herslevbryghus.dk/ Founded: 2004 Annual production: 1,500 hl.
Microbrewery. |
| Holbæk
Bryghus Nygade 5, 4300 Holbæk. http://www.bryghusetno5.dk/ Founded: 2004 Annual production: 750 hl (capacity)
Microbrewery in the cellar of the restaurant Bryghuset No.5.. |
| Bryghus
Horsens A/S Apotekergården, Søndergade 12, 8700 Horsens. Tel: 2546 2547 Fax: Email: ale@bryghushorsens.dk http://www.bryghushorsens.dk Founded: 2006 Annual production:
Microbrewery. There are also seasonal beers, some for one-off events such as concerts. |
| Indslev Bryggeri
A/S Store Landevej 13, 5580 Nr. Åby. Tel: 6444 1507 Fax: 6444 1557 Email: kontakt((at))indslevbryggeri( |